Resumen: Does transit infrastructure reduce labor market power? This paper estimates the effects of a large subway expansion on local labor market outcomes in Santiago, Chile. Using a linked employer-employee dataset with spatial information, we estimate the effects of the network expansion on the most-affected workers and firms through a reduced-form analysis. We find changes in work locations and wages consistent with a reduction in firms' labor market power around areas connected to the subway network after the expansion. We then lay out a quantitative spatial equilibrium model where firms behave as oligopsonies in the labor market to calculate the welfare gains from the transit infrastructure expansion. Our model allows us to decompose the welfare gains into i) the efficiency gains through improved matching between workers and firms and ii) the gains from reducing labor misallocation through labor market power responses. The model also provides a framework to analyze the distributional implications of the infrastructure expansion. We find that workers benefit as firm owners see reduced profits and that accounting for labor market power responses amplifies the welfare gains.

Co-autores: Felipe Vial (Uber), Roman D. Zárate (Wold Bank), Jorge Pérez Pérez (Banco de México)

Acerca del expositor: Jorge Pérez Pérez es Investigador Económico en la Dirección General de Investigación Económica del Banco de México. Es doctor en Economía de Brown University, Estados Unidos, y profesional en economía y en finanzas de la Universidad del Rosario, Colombia. Trabaja en investigación sobre economía laboral, economía urbana y econometría aplicada.