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The analysis of the impacts of coffe bonanzas and crisis on the Colombian economy, given its importance, has been one of the favorite topics of research both by colombian and foreign economists, Cárdenas(1991);Carkovic (1992); Cuddington (1986); Ocampo (1994); Posada(1992);Urrutia and Suescún(1994). The political economy aspects behind the policy response by colombian authorities has not had similar emphasis in the literature. Such is the topic of this paper. The article stars with a historical overview of the international coffee price with the purpose of identifying the major periods of bonanzas and crissi. In a chronological pattern, the paper discusses the main institutional and political economy issues that took place then and the extent to which they may explain the macroeconomic response to bonanzas and crisis. The paper singles out the key role traditionally played by the coffee growers represented through the National Federation of Coffee Growers and poses the question of what should be its future role, in a country where coffee has lost its importance in foreign exchange earnings and in GDP, but where the coffee activity continues to be an important source of rural employment and where the coffee producers maintain a political and economic leadership in key regions of the country.