Hospital productivity has declined steadily across all three complexity levels. Level 3 public hospitals (ESEs) were more resilient during the…

The implicit equity tax is progressive for smaller firms but regressive for larger ones.

Although there is a close relationship between the government’s budget and its fiscal balance, they respond to different objectives, concepts,…

Access to development credit for small-scale agricultural producers has improved over the past two decades but remains limited. Although they…

Market frictions and banking regulations limit the liquidity of the derivatives market, particularly affecting large firms. Foreign exchange…

Municipalities that became part of new departments do not exhibit substantial differences in their poverty indicators compared to those that…